Chapter12 3 12. Realization of the Quantum Confinement

Abstract In this chapter the three main technologies are described, which allows for the implementation of quantum structures (QS)—quantum wells (QWs) and hetero-structures. These are liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The most important properties, including the quantum Hall effect (QHE), of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) arising in a heterojunction on the boundary of two phases—the so-called interface—are also presented. The 2DEG properties in different kinds of QW are described. Double quantum wells as interesting example of quantum structure is considered also including such a spectacular quantum-mechanical phenomenon as splitting into symmetrical and anti-symmetrical states.